Three-Act Structure of film

Three-Act Structure of film 

                                       A beginning,Middle and an end.

Act I :

                      In this act,we have to introduce the main character and his/her goal.The premise,the plot and the character layer.

Premise:

            The premise of a film or screenplay is the fundamental concept that drives the plot.

Example: (October sky-1999)

                    Here in this movie young boy is whether he wants to be a coal miner like his father or something different like a scientist.

Catalytic event:

       

                     Occures ten minutes into the first act.

Example:(october sky)

                Here in this movie,the catalytic event is the main character decision (young boy) is to build a rocket.

Plot:

                  Plot,which exhibits the twists. It is a common practice in narration used to keep the interest of an audience, usually surprising them with a revelation.

ACT II :

              Dramatic tension of the screen story and raise the ante for main character in his/her struggle to achieve his/her goal.

                             (i.e.,) Mid point,Turning point...

ACT III :

                

             Out of resolution,the act where we find out if the main character achieves his/her goal.

Brief example for THREE-ACT STRUCTURE:

                                     (Film-October sky '99)

            Here in this film main character HOMER,is faced with two choices : a life like his  father,as a coal miner OR something different.His goal is to build a rocket to win a science fair on the nation level in order to create the bridge to a new life as an adult.

         

            In ACT III,he has to win the science fair as well as permission from his father to have another life.At the Turning point,(ACT II) homer has to work in the coal mine to earn money(his father has been injured).He has become his father,but he does win the local science fair.ACT III is about getting permission from his father to be a different from his father.This character layer is further complicated by the hospitalization with cancer of his mentor,his high school teacher.

         He decides in ACT III that he doesn't want a life in the mines and that he can compete at the national level, supported by fund raising in the town and the support of other coal miners aside from his father,he goes to the national competition.There some of his equipment is stolen and only through the help of towns people,now including his father,is the needed equipment replaced.In the PLOT layer he wins the national science competition.Back at home he will launch a rocket show the town people likes his achievements and his gratitude.This time his father does attend to share and in his own way,support his son.This public acknowledgement by the father of the main character resolves the character layer.The son has his father's permission to be different from his father,and the son credits the father.Both are equally willful.

Epilogue:

           The epilogue may be followed by an after ending,a new and surprising twist to the story(this may happens especially with thriller films).

Basic Camera Angles

Camera Angles :

Camera angles and movements combine to create a sequence of images, just as words, word order and punctuation combine to make the meaning of a sentence. You need a straightforward set of key terms to describe them.

 The relationship between the camera and the object being photographed (i.e the ANGLE) gives emotional information to an audience, and guides their judgement about the character or object in shot.

                                The following are some of the basic angles used in Film:

1.Normal or Eye Angle :

In a normal angle shot the camera is positioned at approximately the subject's eye level, shooting the scene as we would normally view the world.

In other word's a fairly neutral shot, the camera is positioned as though it is a human actually observing a scene.

The camera will be placed approximately five to six feet from the ground.Remember, the normal angle refers to the subject's position, not the position most comfortable for you.


                                   The following image shows how Normal or Eye angle is


                                             

2.High Angle:

In a high angle shot the camera is positioned above eye level, with the camera shooting down on the subject. A high camera angle is useful for showing the audience an overview of your scene or shooting area. High angles make the object photographed seem smaller, and less significant.

                                      The following image shows how High Angle is

                                            

3.Low Angle:

In a low angle shot the camera is positioned below eye level, with the camera shooting up at the subject. Shooting up from a low angle makes the subject appear larger and suggests a feeling of power and dominance.The camera will be placed approximately five to six feet from the ground.

                                 The following image shows how Low Angle is

                              

4.Canted Angle:

In a canted angle the camera is tilted(i.e is not placed horizontal to floor level), to suggest imbalance, transition and instability.This suggests a feeling of excitement, suspense or fantasy to the viewer.

                               The following image shows how Canted Angle is

                                     

5.Subjective Angle:

In a subjective angle the camera is put in place of a character and shows us the scene from the character's point of view. Subjective angles are useful for bringing the viewer into the action. When used effectively a subjective camera angle can make a great impact on the viewer.

                              The following image shows how Subjective Angle is

                                         

Camera Movements:

A director may choose to move action along by telling the story as a series of cuts, going from one shot to another, or they may decide to move the camera with the action. Moving the camera often takes a great deal of time, and makes the action seem slower, as it takes several second for a moving camera shot to be effective, when the same information may be placed on screen in a series of fast cuts. Not only must the style of movement be chosen, but the method of actually moving the camera must be selected too.                                                                                               The following are the basic camera moves:

1.Pan:

A movement which scans a scene horizontally.Moving the camera lens to one side or another. Look to your left, then look to your right - that's panning.Most pans should be executed smoothly and slowly. Most beginners make the mistake of panning too frequently and too fast, leaving their audience disoriented. One exception is a special kind of pan called the swish pan or whip pan. This is a rapid move that looks like a swish on the screen. It is sometimes used for transitions or for other special effects.

                                      The following image shows how Pan moments takes place

                                 

2.Tilt:

A tilt is the vertical movement of the camera on a stationary pedestal or tripod. The command is usually "Tilt up" or "Tilt  down", and is used to establish vertical subjects or to follow vertical movement.

                       The following image shows how Tilt moments takes place 

3.Dolly:

 A dolly is the movement of the entire camera toward or away from the subject or scene. The command is usually "Dolly in" or "Dolly out".The phrase dolly-in means step towards the subject with the camera, while dolly-out means to step backwards with the camera, keeping the zoom the same.
                                 The following image shows how Dolly moments takes place

4.Truck:

Trucking is like dollying, but it involves motion left or right. The command is usually "Truck left" or "Truck right". Truck left means "move the camera physically to the left”,where as Truck right means “move the camera physically to the right”.

                                    The following image shows how Truck moments takes place

5.Hand-held:

Sometimes the action is moving too quickly or too unpredictably for the camera to be on a tripod. This calls for making the camera more mobile and able to follow the action of a scene. Most times the camera will simply be held by the operator, who will then employ a number of basic camera moves by moving the feet - trucking in and out, dollying in one direction or another, tilting, panning, zooming - and combinations of all of these.

6.Crane/Jib:

A crane can be used to lift a camera (and operator, if it's big enough) from low to high shooting positions. It is a large, heavy piece of equipment, but is a useful way of moving a camera - it can move up, down, left, right, swooping in on action or moving diagonally out of it. The camera operator and camera are counter-balanced by a heavy weight, and trust their safety to a skilled crane/jib operator .

7.Pedestal:

Moving the camera up or down without changing its vertical or horizontal axis. A camera operator can do two types of pedestals: pedestal up means "move the camera up;" pedestal down means "move the camera down." You are not tilting the lens up, rather you are moving the entire camera up. Imagine your camera is on a tripod and you're raising or lowering the tripod head (this is exactly where the term comes from).

8.The Aerial shot:

An exciting variation of a crane shot, usually taken from a helicopter. This is often used at the beginning of a film, in order to establish setting and movement.

9.Zoom:

Zooming is one camera move that most people are probably familiar with. It involves changing the focal length of the lens to make the subject appear closer or further away in the frame. Most video cameras today have built-in zoom features. Some have manual zooms as well, and many have several zoom speeds. Zooming is one of the most frequently-used camera moves and one of the most overused. Use it carefully.